The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation, commonly referred to as BNY Mellon, is an American multinational banking and financial services corporation formed on July 1, 2007, as a result of the merger of The Bank of New York and Mellon Financial Corporation.
The company has US$1.6 trillion in assets under management and US$27.9 trillion in assets under custody and/or administration thereby being the largest deposit bank in the world. The company employs 50,300 staff as of December 2014 worldwide and operates in six primary financial services sectors including advisory services, asset management, asset servicing, broker-dealer, issuance services, treasury services and wealth management.
It is the oldest banking corporation in the United States, with origins stretching back to the establishment of the Bank of New York in 1784 by Alexander Hamilton.
History
Bank of New York
The Bank of New York was founded by Alexander Hamilton on June 9, 1784, in the old Walton Mansion in New York City. Due to local politics, it wasn't able to procure a charter until 1791. The President of the new bank was former Major General Alexander McDougall and the Cashier was William Winston Seaton.
The bank provided the United States government its first loan in 1789. The loan was orchestrated by Hamilton, then Secretary of the Treasury, and it paid the salaries of United States Congress members and President George Washington. The Bank of New York was the first company to be traded on the New York Stock Exchange when it first opened in 1792.
During the 1800s, the bank was known for its conservative lending practices that allowed it to weather financial crises. It was involved in the funding of the Morris and Erie canals, and steamboat companies. The bank helped finance both the War of 1812 and the Union Army during the American Civil War. Following the Civil War, the bank loaned money to many major infrastructure projects, including utilities, railroads, and the New York City Subway. The former Judge Thomas Mellon retired as President of the firm in 1886 to be succeeded by his son, Andrew.
Through the early 1900s, the Bank of New York continued to expand and prosper. In July 1922, the bank merged with the New York Life Insurance and Trust Company. The bank continued to profit and pay dividends throughout the Great Depression, and its total deposits increased during the decade. In 1948, the Bank again merged, this time with the Fifth Avenue Bank, which was followed by a merger in 1966 with the Empire Trust Company. The bank's holding company was created in 1969.
In 1988, the Bank of New York merged with Irving Bank Corporation. From 1993 to 1998, the bank made 33 acquisitions, including acquiring JP Morgan's Global Custody Business in 1995. Ivy Asset Management was acquired in 2000, and the bank acquired Pershing LLC, the United States' second-largest trade clearinghouse, in 2003. In 2006, the Bank of New York traded its retail banking and regional middle-market businesses for J.P. Morgan Chase's corporate trust assets. The deal signaled the bank's exit from retail banking.
Mellon Financial
Mellon Financial was founded as T. Mellon & Sons' Bank in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1869 by retired judge Thomas Mellon and his sons Andrew W. Mellon and Richard B. Mellon. The bank invested in and helped found numerous industrial firms in the late 1800s and early 1900s including Alcoa, Westinghouse, Gulf Oil, General Motors and Bethlehem Steel. Both Gulf Oil and Alcoa are, according to the financial media, considered to be T. Mellon & Sons' most successful financial investments.
In 1902, T. Mellon & Sons' name was changed to the Mellon National Bank. The firm merged with the Union Trust Company, a business founded by Andrew Mellon, in 1946. The newly formed organization resulting from the merger was named the Mellon National Bank and Trust Company, and was Pittsburgh's first US$1 billion bank.
The bank formed the first dedicated family office in the United States in 1971. A reorganization in 1972 led to the bank's name changing to Mellon Bank, N.A. and the formation of a holding company, Mellon National Corporation.
Mellon Bank acquired multiple banks and financial institutions in Pennsylvania during the 1980s and 1990s. In 1992, Mellon acquired 54 branch offices of Philadelphia Savings Fund Society, the first savings bank in the United States, founded in 1819.
In 1993, Mellon acquired The Boston Company from American Express and AFCO Credit Corporation from The Continental Corporation. The following year, Mellon merged with the Dreyfus Corporation, bringing its mutual funds under its umbrella. In 1999, Mellon Bank Corporation became Mellon Financial Corporation. Two years later, it exited the retail banking business by selling its assets and retail bank branches to Citizens Financial Group.
Merger
On December 4, 2006, the Bank of New York and Mellon Financial Corporation announced they would merge. The merger created the world's largest securities servicing company and one of the largest asset management firms by combining Mellon's wealth-management business and the Bank of New York's asset-servicing and short-term-lending specialties.
The deal was valued at $16.5 billion and under its terms, the Bank of New York's shareholders received 0.9434 shares in the new company for each share of the Bank of New York that they owned, while Mellon Financial shareholders received 1 share in the new company for each Mellon share they owned. The Bank of New York and Mellon Financial entered into mutual stock option agreements for 19.9 percent of the issuer's outstanding common stock. The merger was finalized on July 1, 2007. The company's principal office of business at the One Wall Street office previously held by the Bank of New York. The full name of the company became The Bank of New York Mellon Corp., with the BNY Mellon brand name being used for most lines of business.
Recent history
In October 2008, the U.S. Treasury named BNY Mellon the master custodian of the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) bailout fund during the financial crisis of 2007 to 2010. BNY Mellon won the assignment, which included handling accounting and record-keeping for the program, through a bidding process. In November 2008, the company announced that it would lay-off 1,800 employees, or 4 percent of its global workforce, due to the financial crisis. According to the results of a February 2009 stress test conducted by federal regulators, BNY Mellon was one of only three banks that could withstand a worsening economic situation. The company received $3 billion from TARP, which it paid back in full in June 2009, along with US$136 million to buy back warrants from the Treasury in August 2009.
In August 2009, BNY Mellon purchased Insight Investment, a management business for external funds, from Lloyds Banking Group. The company acquired PNC Financial Services' Global Investment Servicing Inc. in July 2010 and Talon Asset Management's wealth management business in 2011.
By 2013, the company's capital had steadily risen from the financial crisis. In the results of the Federal Reserve's Dodd-Frank stress test in 2013, the bank was least affected by hypothetical extreme economic scenarios among banks tested. It was also a top performer on the same test in 2014.
BNY Mellon began a major branding campaign in 2013 to increase awareness of the company. It adopted the slogan "The Investments Company for the World" and changed its logo.
In May 2014, BNY Mellon agreed to sell the building housing its headquarters to increase efficiency. The company announced plans to move its headquarters to lower Manhattan in 2015, leasing space at Brookfield Place. In June 2014, the company combined its global markets, global collateral services and prime services to create the new Markets Group. Kurt Woetzel was named the group's president. The company expanded its Hong Kong office in October 2014 as part of the company's plans to grow its wealth management business. It opened the BNY Mellon Innovation Center, an office focused on emerging technologies, big data, digital and cloud-based projects, in Palo Alto in November 2014.
In March 2015, the company admitted to facts concerning the misrepresentation of foreign exchange pricing and execution. BNY Mellon's alleged misconduct in this area includes representing pricing as best rates to its clients, when in fact they were providing clients with bad prices while retaining larger margins. In addition to letting go key executives, the company will pay a total of US$714 million to settle related lawsuits.
Historical data
The Bank of New York Mellon was the eighth largest bank at the middle of 2012 (not including subsidiaries).
Operations
The Bank of New York Mellon operates worldwide in more than 100 markets in 36 countries and employs more than 48,000 employees. The group's American and worldwide headquarters is located at One Wall Street. The group's EMEA headquarters is located at One Canada Square, in London and its APAC headquarters is located in Hong Kong. On April 22, 2014, BNY Mellon announced that it would be selling its Wall Street headquarters by the third quarter of that year, relocating its global operational center to a new building, possibly in New Jersey.
Business segments
- Asset Management (provides asset management services through a number of asset management companies to institutional and individual investors)
- Wealth Management (provides investment management, wealth and estate planning and private banking solutions to high-net-worth individuals and families, family offices and business enterprises, charitable gift programs and endowments and foundations)
- Asset Servicing (provides global custody and related services and broker-dealer services to corporate and public retirement funds, foundations and endowments and global financial institutions)
- Issuer Services (provides corporate trust, depositary receipt and shareowner services to corporations and institutions)
- Clearing Services (provides clearing, financing and custody services for broker-dealers and registered investment advisors)
- Treasury Services (provides treasury services, global payment services, working capital solutions, capital markets business and large corporate banking)
Competition
A few of BNY Mellon's competitors include SimCorp, JPMorgan Chase, Barclays, Advent Software, QED Financial Systems, SunGard, Northern Trust, Orangefield Columbus, Citco, State Street and Princeton Financial Systems.
ArraySee also
- 1 Wall Street
- Bank of New York
- BNY Mellon Center (disambiguation)
- CIBC Mellon
- Eagle Investment Systems
- Mellon Financial Corporation
- Pershing LLC
References
ArrayExternal links
- Official website
- Bank of New York Mellon SEC Filings
- Google Finance: Bank of New York Profile
- Pershing LLC., a subsidiary of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation
- 225th Anniversary Commemorative Video
- iNautix Technologies, a subsidiary of The Bank of New York Mellon
- New York Life Insurance and Trust Company Records at Baker Library Historical Collections, Harvard Business School.
Interesting Informations
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